Highlighted Publications

The Underwater Backscatter Channel: Theory, Link Budget, and Experimental Validation

This paper explores underwater backscatter communication, a method that enables net-zero-power underwater sensing and data transmission by passively reflecting sound waves instead of generating new signals. The study develops a comprehensive analytical model to characterize how acoustic waves interact with piezoelectric transducers in underwater environments. The model, validated through simulations and real-world river experiments, accurately predicts system performance with a median deviation of 0.76 dB. These findings pave the way for scalable, long-range underwater IoT networks, useful for marine monitoring, environmental sensing, and industrial applications. 

System-Level DC-to-DC Analysis and Experiments of Ultrasonic Power Transfer Through Metallic Barriers

This study explores ultrasonic power transfer (UPT) as a wireless solution for transmitting energy through metal barriers, eliminating the need for wiring in sealed environments. Using piezoelectric transducers and a Class E amplifier, the system achieved 83% AC-to-AC efficiency and 68% DC-to-DC efficiency, delivering 17.5W through a 3 mm aluminum barrier at 1 MHz. Analytical modeling, simulations, and experiments validated the design, making it a promising technology for aerospace, marine, and industrial applications where conventional wiring is impractical. 

3D-Printed Gradient-Index Phononic Crystal Lens for Underwater Acoustic Wave Focusing

We designed and built the first 3D-printed acoustic lens for focusing acoustic waves underwater. Our solution used a desktop 3D printer to build the metamaterial lens using common polymers such as PLA or ABS. Since our lens can focus acoustic waves and make them more directional, we could use it to design underwater wireless chargers. Our lens improved the output power of an acoustic wireless charging system by a hundred times. In addition to underwater power transfer, our lenses can be designed to focus ultrasound for in-body imaging and treatment.

Sound energy harvesting by leveraging a 3D-printed phononic crystal lens

Modern IoT sensors and devices need very little power to operate but replacing their batteries is inconvenient and in many situations impossible if they are in hard to reach places. IoT devices can be charged using sound, however, the available power in everyday noises needs to be focused in a small area to be harvested efficiently. We developed a sound energy harvesting system consisting of a 3D-printed acoustic lens and a piezoelectric energy harvester. The lens focuses the sound energy at the harvester enabling a thousand times more power to be harvested compared to existing solutions. Our system could generate micro-Watts of power compared to nanoWatts in existing harvesters.

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Inconel 625 Produced by Selective Laser Melting

3D printing is developing at a rapid pace and manufacturers are increasingly relying on the technology to produce functional components. However, components made using 3D printing are prone to internal defects that can lead to premature failure. We are developing ultrasonic inspection solutions that can operate with emerging manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. Our work has showed that ultrasonic phased arrays and guided waves can detect micro-scale defects in practical aerospace components. Moving forward, we seek to build low-cost automated ultrasonic systems for imaging functional 3D printed parts.

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